Research into the Changing Conceptualization of "Anraku" within Nursing in the Japanese Context: Parsing the concept of "Anraku" among practicing nurses

在日本文化中，安乐正在被重新评估，从护理的角度来看，人们认为明确这一概念将有助于提高护理质量。在东京女子医学院的一次考试中进行了伦理方面的考虑。从对临床护理专业人员访谈的定性研究来看，构成安乐包括“身体安乐”、“宁静”、“自我决定范围的增加”和“自我护理的自主性”。为了验证这一点，从2007年11月到2008年1月，2832人参与了一项研究，该研究有65个精心挑选的项目，通过四个步骤的过程进行因素分析。结果与考虑：调查结果：1376名参与者有效应答率为48.6%。问卷的信度因子为>.80，样本的效度通过Bartlett球形特征的结果和KMO （Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin）值均大于0.9来支持结论的信度和效度。从属因子的平均值在2.16 ~ 3.55之间。对“身体安乐”、“宁静”、“自我决定范围的增加”和“自我照顾的自主性”四个要素进行因子分析的结果是，它们可以分为以下几种：“身体安乐”——帮助日常生活和减轻痛苦。“宁静”——营造日常生活的宁静与安全感，与医院环境相适应。“增加自我决定的范围”——披露诊断和程序，使患者有更大的自主选择的能力。“自我护理的自主性”——日常功能的康复，日常生活能力的提高和自我自治的帮助。这些都是实践护理专业人员定义安乐的要素。

Within Japanese Culture Anraku is being re-evaluated and from the perspective of care it was thought that giving clarity to this concept would be beneficial to the quality of nursing. The ethical considerations were undergone by an examination of Tokyo Women's Medical College.From the qualitative research of the interviews of clinical nursing professionals, comprise Anraku include "bodily Anraku", "serenity," "increase of the range of self-determination", and "autonomy of self-care." In order to verify this, 2.832 people participated in research from November 2007 through January 2008 which had 65 carefully selected items which were rated through a four step process by which the factor analysis was done.Results and considerations: The result of investigation: the valid response of 1,376 participants was 48.6%. Both the reliability and the validity of the conclusions are supported by the reliability of the questionnaire which had an a factor >0.80 and the validity of the sample which is seen both through the results of Bartlett spherical characteristic and the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value of over 0.9. The average of subordinate factor was between 2.16-3.55. The result of doing a factor of analysis of the four elements "bodily Anraku", "serenity," "increase of the range of self-determination", and "autonomy of self-care" was that they could be classified into the following:1.) "Bodily Anraku" -- Assistance in daily living and relief of pain.2.) "Serenity" -- Engendering both serenity in daily life and sense of security, and adapting the hospital environment.3.) "Increase of the range of self-determination" - Disclosure of diagnosis and procedures to create a greater ability for autonomy of patient choice.4.) "Autonomy of self-care" -- The rehabilitation of daily function, support of increased capabilities in daily life and assistance in self autonomy.These are the elements by which practicing nursing professionals define Anraku.