Research into the Changing Conceptualization of "Anraku" within Nursing in the Japanese Context: Parsing the concept of "Anraku" among practicing nurses

在日本文化中，安乐正在重新评估，从护理的角度来看，人们认为明确这一概念将有利于护理质量。通过对临床护理专业人员的访谈进行质性研究，包括“身体Anraku”，“宁静”，“增加自主范围”和“自我护理的自主性”。为了验证这一点，从2007年11月到2008年1月，2832人参加了研究，其中有65个精心挑选的项目，通过四个步骤的过程进行了因素分析。结果和考虑：调查结果：1,376名参与者的有效回答为48.6%。调查问卷的信度（a因子>0.80）和样本的效度（Bartlett球形特征和KMO（Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin）值均大于0.9）均支持了结论的信度和效度。隶属因子的平均值在2.16 ~ 3.55之间。对“身体安乐”、“宁静”、“增加自主范围”和“自我照顾自主性”四个要素进行因素分析的结果是，它们可以分为以下几类：1.“Bodily Anraku”-协助日常生活和减轻痛苦。“宁静”─ ─既营造生活的宁静与安全感，又能适应医院环境。“扩大自主范围”-披露诊断和程序，以提高患者自主选择的能力。“自理”--日常功能的恢复、日常生活能力的提高和自我自主能力的帮助。这些是执业护理专业人员定义安乐的要素。

Within Japanese Culture Anraku is being re-evaluated and from the perspective of care it was thought that giving clarity to this concept would be beneficial to the quality of nursing. The ethical considerations were undergone by an examination of Tokyo Women's Medical College.From the qualitative research of the interviews of clinical nursing professionals, comprise Anraku include "bodily Anraku", "serenity," "increase of the range of self-determination", and "autonomy of self-care." In order to verify this, 2.832 people participated in research from November 2007 through January 2008 which had 65 carefully selected items which were rated through a four step process by which the factor analysis was done.Results and considerations: The result of investigation: the valid response of 1,376 participants was 48.6%. Both the reliability and the validity of the conclusions are supported by the reliability of the questionnaire which had an a factor >0.80 and the validity of the sample which is seen both through the results of Bartlett spherical characteristic and the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value of over 0.9. The average of subordinate factor was between 2.16-3.55. The result of doing a factor of analysis of the four elements "bodily Anraku", "serenity," "increase of the range of self-determination", and "autonomy of self-care" was that they could be classified into the following:1.) "Bodily Anraku" -- Assistance in daily living and relief of pain.2.) "Serenity" -- Engendering both serenity in daily life and sense of security, and adapting the hospital environment.3.) "Increase of the range of self-determination" - Disclosure of diagnosis and procedures to create a greater ability for autonomy of patient choice.4.) "Autonomy of self-care" -- The rehabilitation of daily function, support of increased capabilities in daily life and assistance in self autonomy.These are the elements by which practicing nursing professionals define Anraku.