Observational study on the remote sensing of mixture surface of snow and vegetation

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The main results obtained in this study are summarized as follows. (1) We proposed a new vegetation index to better estimate Leaf Area Index. (2) We quantitatively clarified the factors to determine the distribution of Abies mariesii. (3) We developed a new topographic correction method, applicable to satellite images in the season of low solar elevation. (4) We showed a good performance of snowmelt-runoff with the use of even a lumped model. (5) We pointed out the possibility that the snowmelt can affect the beginning of the growing period of the boreal evergreen forest. (6) We developed a rapid digital mapping system using a tablet PC, digital map, GPS, and GIS.