Nonperturbative dynamics of string theory via matrix models and gauge theories

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The large-N reduction asserts that the planar limit of gauge theory is described by the matrix model obtained by its dimensional reduction. I extended it to the case of gauge theory on curved space. By using this result, I constructed a nonperturbative formulation of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory, and tested the AdS/CFT correspondence. This extension of the large-N reduction is also expected to play a crucial role in future work on the IIB matrix model, which is considered to be a nonperturbative formulation of superstring theory. Furthermore, I found that expanding(3+1)-dimensional universe appears dynamically in the IIB matrix model. This result is expected to give answers to the questions why we live in(3+1)-dimensional space-time and how our universe begins.