Environmental adaptation and intraspecific differentiation of cold-adapted basidiomycetous fungi

冷适应担子菌的环境适应和种内分化

• 批准号: 19570100
• 负责人: HOSHINO TAMOTSU
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2007 至 2010
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-19570100/
• 关键词: 菌類; 遺伝的多様性; 環境適応; 凍結耐性; 種内分化; 雪腐病菌; 北米; 遺伝子多様性; 雪腐病; 種分化; 系統進化; 極地; 特殊環境

Snow molds are psychrophilic or psychrotrophic fungal pathogens of forage crops, winter cereals, and conifer seedlings. These fungi can grow and attack dormant plants at low temperatures under snow cover. In this study, we surveyed the biodiversity and physiological and biochemical characteristics of snow molds that belong to various taxa. Cold tolerance is one of the important factors related to their geographic distribution, because snow molds develop mycelia under snow cover and because they should produce intra- and extracellular enzymes active at low temperatures for growth and infection. Basidiomycetous snow molds produce extracellular antifreeze proteins. Their physiological significance is to keep the extracellular environment unfrozen. The psychrophilic ascomycete Sclerotia borealis shows normal mycelial growth under frozen conditions, which is faster than that on unfrozen media at optimal growth temperature. This fungus does not produce extracellular antifreeze proteins, but osmotic stress tolerance enables the fungus to grow at subzero temperatures. In conclusion, different taxa of snow molds have different strategies to adapt under snow cover.

雪霉是牧草作物、冬季谷物和针叶树苗的嗜冷性或嗜冷性真菌病原体。这些真菌可以在积雪覆盖的低温下生长并攻击休眠的植物。在本研究中，我们调查了属于不同类群的雪霉的生物多样性和生理生化特性。耐寒性是与雪霉地理分布有关的重要因素之一，因为雪霉在雪盖下发育菌丝，并在低温下产生活性较高的胞内酶和胞外酶，以便生长和感染。担子菌类雪霉产生胞外抗冻蛋白。它们的生理意义是保持细胞外环境不冻结。北方嗜冷子囊菌在冷冻条件下菌丝生长正常，在最适生长温度下生长速度快于未冷冻条件下的菌丝生长速度。这种真菌不产生胞外抗冻蛋白，但渗透胁迫耐受性使该真菌能够在零度以下的温度下生长。综上所述，不同的雪霉类群在雪盖下的适应策略不同。

项目成果

Typhula maritima, a new species of Typhula collected from coastal dunes in Hokkaido, northern Japan.

海洋斑疹伤寒菌（Typhula maritima）是从日本北部北海道沿海沙丘采集到的斑疹伤寒菌新种。

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Mycoscience 50巻
• 作者: T.Hoshino;S.Takehashi;M.Fujiwara;T.Kasuya
• 通讯作者: T.Kasuya

Crystal structure of antifreeze protein from a snow mold fungus

雪霉菌抗冻蛋白的晶体结构

• 发表时间: 2010
• 作者: T.Hoshino;M.R.Asef;M.Fujiwara;I.Yumoto;R.Zare;Tamotsu Hoshino;Tamotsu Hoshino;肖楠;村上諒;河口友紀;伊藤正伸;星野保(7人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保;星野保;Hidemasa Kondo
• 通讯作者: Hidemasa Kondo

菌類・珪藻類由来不凍タンパク質の発現系構築と氷結晶結合機能の解析

真菌和硅藻抗冻蛋白表达系统的构建及冰晶结合功能分析

• 发表时间: 2009
• 作者: T.Hoshino;M.R.Asef;M.Fujiwara;I.Yumoto;R.Zare;Tamotsu Hoshino;Tamotsu Hoshino;肖楠;村上諒;河口友紀;伊藤正伸;星野保(7人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保;星野保;Hidemasa Kondo;星野保(4人中筆頭);星野保(4人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(7人中筆頭);T. Hoshino;Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(7人中5番目);星野保(6人中4番目)
• 通讯作者: 星野保(6人中4番目)

東南極 宗谷海岸露岩地域陸上生態系における菌類の多様性と環境適応

东南极洲大豆海岸陆地生态系统的真菌多样性和环境适应

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: T.Hoshino;M.R.Asef;M.Fujiwara;I.Yumoto;R.Zare;Tamotsu Hoshino;Tamotsu Hoshino;肖楠;村上諒;河口友紀;伊藤正伸;星野保(7人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保;星野保;Hidemasa Kondo;星野保(4人中筆頭);星野保(4人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(7人中筆頭);T. Hoshino;Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(7人中5番目);星野保(6人中4番目);関玄彦;花田祐一;星野保(4人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(5人中筆頭);Tamotsu Hoshino;星野保(5人中筆頭);星野保;星野保(3人中2番目);星野保(9人中筆頭);星野保
• 通讯作者: 星野保

Some cold-adapted fungi grow on a frozen condition.(Proceedings vol.1, Cryogenic Resources of Polar Regions.)

一些适应寒冷的真菌在冷冻条件下生长。（论文集第一卷，极地低温资源。）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: T.Hoshino;O.B.Tkachenko;M.Tojo;I.Saito;I.Yumoto
• 通讯作者: I.Yumoto