A research on density currents entering into water and tsunami generation processes during volcanic eruptions

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Physical parameters controlling a scale of tsunami generated by a density current entering sea during volcanic eruptions and a behavior of the density current were examined with laboratory and numerical experiments considering two-layer models. A scale of tsunami is mainly controlled by a flux of density currents, and a behavior of density currents is affected by a bottom friction force of the currents. Application of two-layer models to the 1883 Krakatau eruption and the results suggest that a pyroclastic flow entering into the sea is more plausible mechanism of the huge tsunami during this eruption. The methods and models using this research will be helpful for future studies on volcanogenic tsunamis.