Acceptance and Exclusion of Chinese Immigrant in Modern Northeast Asia

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After the conclusion of the Treaty of Beijing in1860, the Russian establishment of the city of Vladivostoke, the opening of three North China treaty ports, and the opening of Japanese treaty ports opened the gates for Chinese migration to Northeast Asia. In this study, I observed acceptance and exclusion of Chinese immigrant. I focused on Chinese immigrant communities and organizations such as charity in host society in Mukden.Through this study, the following results were obtained : People born in the same area had lasting bonds, and helped each other, so they were able to maintain their businesses through economic depressions and unstable international circumstances. Shandong-bang was one such group in Northeast Asia. On the other hand, people who didn't have such tight knit communities became more socially vulnerable.