Hydrodynamics instability of natural and forced convection of helium near the critical point

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The several transport coefficients indicate dramatic behavior near the Gas-Liquid Critical Point (GLCP), for example heat capacity at constant pressure, C_p, and isothermal compressibility is diverged near the GLCP. The thermal diffusivity defined as a function of the inverse of C_p becomes very small. It is known that the heat transfer characteristic improves by existence of the following two effects. One is piston effect generated by high isothermal compressibility. Second is thermal plume caused by buoyant force under the gravitational field. It was clear that growth mechanism of unstable mode, laminar-turbulent transition processes and heat transfer characteristics in natural and forced convection of helium near the GLCP.