Mechanism of Neuronal Polarization Mediated by Shootin and Its Roles in the Brain

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In this study, we analyzed the mechanism for shootin1 accumulation in axons, and found that shootin1 is transported to the axonal growth cones by interacting dynamically the actin filaments in the "wave" structures. Accumulation of shootin1 in the growth cones promoted neurite outgrowth by mediating the linkage between actin filaments and L1-CAM, as a "clutch" molecule. Furthermore, to analyze the functions of shootin1 in the brain, we produced shootin1 knockout mice ; they showed agenesis in multiple regions in the brain, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, septum, olfactory bulb, corpus callosum, and hippocampal commissure. These results suggest that shootin1 plays an important role in neuronal polarization and brain development.