Developments of Numerical Magnetohydrodynamic Simulators of Accretion Disks with Application to Time Variabilities and Jet Formation

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Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic codes applicable to global simulations of accretion disks have been implemented to massive parallel computers. By applying this code, we showed that molecular sheath is formed at the interface between the jet and the interstellar matter. We also implemented photon transfer codes to compute the radiation spectrum from the simulation results. Based on the results of radiation hydrodynamic simulations of supercritical black hole accretion flows, we reproduced the X-ray spectra observed in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). We also showed by three-dimensional magnetohydrocynamic simulations that the direction of mean magnetic fields in accretion disks reverses quasi-periodically by dynamo action.