Valence-selective XAFS spectroscopy of lanthanides using "the forgotten emission line", L_<γ4>

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We have developed novel analytical methods for the characterization of chemical states of Eu and Ce materials using highly resolved L_<γ4> emissions. Whereas the L_<γ4> emissions are very weak and hitherto neglected, we accurately obtained high-resolution (<1eV) Eu/Ce L_<γ4> emission spectra by the use of a multicrystal, multidetector spectrometer. The Eu/Ce spectra exhibited substantial differences depending on the valence state of Eu ions/on the chemical environments of the Ce ions. The applicability of the EuL_<γ4> to valence-selective XAFS spectroscopy was demonstrated through partial fluorescence yield (PFY) measurements. Possible applications of the CeL_<γ4> to the studies of charge transfers in Ce materials were suggested.