Molecular basis of immune evasion of malaria parasites

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Mechanisms underlying immune evasion due to activation of regulatory T cells during blood-stage malaria have been carefully analyzed. Stimulation of dendritic cells with parasitized red blood cells through TLR9 resulted in activation of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, mice deficient in TLR9 were partially resistant to lethal malaria because of a failure of activating regulatory T cells. It was suggested that hemozoin, malaria pigment, is involved in activation of regulatory T cells as TLR9 ligand. We also analyzed "suppressed" protective immunity to malaria, and found protective roles of CD8 T cells previously supposed to be unlike to contribute to protection to blood-stage malaria.