Roles of ER stress in renal pathophysiology and development of novel therapeutic approaches to kidney diseases

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The unfolded protein response (UPR) has two different faces; an anti-inflammatory aspect (light side) and tissue damaging potential (dark side). Different branches of the UPR contribute to the dark and light sides following endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. By modulating selective arms of the UPR, it is feasible to attenuate inflammation and to inhibit tissue damage caused by ER stress. 3’-Deoxyadenosineand 4-phenylbutyric acid analogues may be potentially useful for the treatment of ER stress-related disorders.