Comparative Study on Educational Policy in post-Soviet Central Asian countries

中亚四国独立后先后加入联合国和联合国教科文组织，开始了旨在摆脱社会主义、建立宪政民主国家的教育改革。这些国家的教育改革是在外部影响（教科文组织、国际捐助者、俄罗斯等外国政府的合作与援助）和内部形势（多民族人民、伊斯兰传统、城乡差距、经济需要新的人力资源等）之间的冲突中进行的。普通教育的高入学率、教育的世俗性、对多民族的考虑是从苏联时期继承并进一步发展的。与此同时，自由市场的原则被引入教育，激烈的竞争环境变得更加紧张。在高等教育领域，相应的博洛尼亚进程改革正在进行，免费高等教育制度已经退出。

After gaining independence four Central Asian countries have become members of UN and UNESCO and started educational reforms which aimed to get out of socialism and to establish constitutional democratic state. Educational reforms in these countries have been urged under conflict between outside impact (cooperation and assistance of UNESCO, international donors, foreign governments such as Russia and others) and internal situation (multi-ethnic people, Islamic traditions, gap between urban and rural areas, economy demanding new human resources etc.). The high rates of general education enrollment, secularity of education, consideration of multi-ethnicity are inherited from Soviet time and developing further. At the same time, principles of free market were imported into education and the environment of intense competition is getting even tenser. In the higher education area reforms corresponding Bologna Process are progressing, and system of free higher education has retreated.