Development of lifestyle modification program for physical activity and healthy diet in schoolchildren.

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School-based health education programs to promote physical activity, and knowledge and skills for healthy diet were provided to elementary school children. The intervention group showed significant positive changes in the attitude to sport and exercise, frequency of playing with friends after school, total energy expenditure, knowledge of the Japanese Food Guide, and outcome expectancy and self-efficacy for healthy diet, but no change in the control group at the end of the intervention. Among of these effects, however, changes in behavior were not maintained at one year after the end of the intervention.