Optimization of Transport Network Pricing Policies in the Presence of both Congestion and Scale Economies

为了实现交通系统的最优使用，重要的是要有一个既能充分利用系统规模经济，又能抑制系统交通拥堵的定价政策。然而，现代交通运输系统复杂的网络结构给最优定价策略的设计带来了困难。在交通政策评价和交通规划中广泛应用的交通均衡模型的基础上，针对具有规模经济和拥堵的现实交通网络系统，提出了具有均衡约束的严格数学规划方法。名古屋都市网络有10687条直接道路连接和9371条铁路连接（包括与不同速度相对应的接入链路和物理链路副本）作为我们实证研究的模型。

In order to achieve the optimal use of a transportation system, it is important to have a pricing policy that can make full use of the economies of scale of the system, and suppress traffic congestion of the system. However, the complex network structure of modern transportation systems makes it difficult to design optimal pricing policies. Based on the traffic equilibrium model which is widely used in transportation policy evaluation and transportation planning, we have developed rigorous mathematical programming method with equilibrium constraints for the optimization of pricing policies for realistic transportation network systems which exhibit both economies of scale and congestion. The Nagoya metropolitan network with 10687 directed road links and 9371 railway links (including access links and copies of physical links corresponding to different speeds) was used as a model for our empirical study.