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Changes of "verisimilitude" or "likeness" in multimedia conditions : what is the "naturalness" for cultures of representations.

多媒体条件下“逼真”或“相似”的变化：表征文化的“自然性”是什么。

基本信息

批准号：
20520131
负责人：
KITAYAMA Kenji
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Seijo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2008 至 2010
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our research project team treated the problem of representations, of which the focal point is "verisimilitude" or "likeness"(relations between expression and appearance or phenomenon). We approached this problem from two perspectives, one theoretical, and the other exemplary. In these perspectives we organized one international symposium, several research meetings, and two field works, and made many long and lively discussions on each occasion. In theoretical researches, we treated as comprehensively as possible the problem of where to place and how to evaluate "verisimilitude" or "likeness," by thinking how contrastive or opponent philosophical concepts such as beings and phenomena, nature and culture, and generality and particularity, are intertwined on the dimension of representations. In exemplary researches, we showed by socio-psychological case studies that in information societies news and news-likeness, or events (cases) and event (case)-likeness are closely interdependent. We … More demonstrated by literary case studies that in theater formation of characters depends much more on "verisimilitude" or "likeness" than on truth, and that when literary works focus on characteristics of some regions or districts, cultural codes plays much greater roles than the real situations of those regions or districts. Moreover, our team clarified by research of fine arts that what really matters in that field is not truth (life) but representativeness (appearing to be true). Further on, by analyses of movies, we ascertained that what forms "verisimilitude" or "likeness" there, is not only the grammar of "naturalness" but also the physical reflexes of human bodies. By analyses of historical movies made for TV and of photo-movies, we proved that it is impossible to distinguish definitely "being true" from "appearing true." Through researches concerning "verisimilitude" or "likeness" in cultural contexts or customs, we made it clear that each cultural "verisimilitude" or "likeness" is a product of multiple and complicated cultural factors and that no single origin of such "verisimilitude" or "likeness" (the truth reflected in such representation) can be delineated. In these ways, we mostly accomplished the objective of our project, that is, concrete and comprehensive reconsiderations of the developments of the modern and contemporary cultures of representations from the perspective of "verisimilitude" or "likeness," rethinking the birth and the changes of cultures of representations as formations and changes of "naturalness." Less

我们的研究团队处理的是表征问题，重点是“逼真”或“相似”(表情与外观或现象之间的关系)。我们从两个角度来处理这个问题，一个是理论的，另一个是示范的。在这些情况下，我们组织了一次国际研讨会、几次研究会和两次实地考察，每次都进行了许多冗长而生动的讨论。在理论研究中，我们通过思考存在与现象、自然与文化、共性与特殊性等对立或对立的哲学概念如何在表征的维度上交织在一起，尽可能全面地处理“似”与“似”的位置和评价问题。在示范性研究中，我们通过社会心理学案例研究表明，在信息社会中，新闻和类似新闻，或事件(案例)和事件(案例)相似是密切相关的。We…更多的文学案例研究表明，在戏剧中，人物的形成更多地取决于“逼真”或“相似”而不是真实，当文学作品聚焦于某些地区或地区的特点时，文化代码发挥的作用远远大于该地区或地区的真实情况。此外，我们的团队通过对美术的研究澄清了在那个领域真正重要的不是真理(生活)，而是代表性(看起来是真的)。进一步，通过对电影的分析，我们发现构成“逼真”或“似”的不仅有“自然”的语法，也有人体的身体反应。通过对电视历史电影和摄影电影的分析，我们证明了不可能明确地区分“真实”和“表现真实”。通过对文化语境或风俗习惯中的“逼真”或“相似”的研究，我们明确了每一种文化的“逼真”或“相似”都是多元复杂的文化因素的产物，这种“逼真”或“相似”(反映在这种表现中的真理)不可能有单一的来源。通过这些方式，我们基本实现了本课题的目标，即从“似”或“似”的角度具体而全面地重新审视现当代表现文化的发展，重新思考表现文化作为“自然”的形成和变化的产生和变化。较少