A Literary Study of the Formation of Gender in the Infancy of Popular Discourse in the Meiji and Taisho Periods

明治(1868-1912)和大正(1912-1926)时期针对大众的启蒙话语至今仍在继续。在本研究中，我主要关注的是关于父权资本主义社会中的性别差异的话语，并论证了它们在三个层面上的作用。第一个层面涉及男性和女性之间的生物差异，并在很大程度上受到进化论的影响，主张男性优于女性。第二个层次以第一个层次为基础，旨在固定社会中的性别角色。第三个层面是试图理解女性是如何思考的，其框架可以被视为“对女性的不信任”范式。第三个层次显然更多地被用作文学的主题。由此可见，文学与整个社会的结构息息相关。

The enlightenment-based discourses that were directed towards the masses in the Meiji (1868-1912) and Taisho (1912-1926) periods are still continuing today. In this research, I have focused mainly on the discourses concerning the characteristic differences between the sexes in the patriarchal capitalist society, and demonstrated that they functioned on three levels. The first level concerned the biological differences between men and women and, heavily influenced by the Theory of Evolution, argued for the superiority of men over women. The second level was based upon the first level, and aimed to fixed gender roles in society. The third level was concerned with trying to understand how women think, framed by what may be regarded as a "mistrust of females" paradigm. The third level obviously tended to be mostly adopted as a theme of literature. Thus it can be seen that literature is intimately linked with the structure of society as a whole.