Recent changes of trading system through markets in China.

中国的市场发展至少从1979年一直持续到90年代中期，市场总数超过社会主义革命前，市场销售额占零售额的一半以上。但自20世纪90年代中期以来，S出现了一些值得注意的变化，即农村市场数量减少，1998年以来市场总数减少，市场销售停滞，市场交易在零售额中的权重下降。这个阶段似乎开始了，在这个阶段，市场不得不失去它们的高地位。通过对三年来四个研究区的官方统计数据分析和实地考察，找出了造成这种状况丧失的原因，以及将给城乡结构带来什么样的结果。首先，街市数量的减少是由于Transp…而取消了街头市场更多的口头表达问题，以及从市场摊位到永久商铺的转变，通过从街道到建筑的政策。其次，市场销售的停滞和在零售业销售中的权重下降是由于市场数量的减少，临时店铺的增加，以及近年来城乡大小型超市的出现，以及与这些现象相关的消费者行为的变化。整个市场的集合似乎处于两极分化和专业化的过程中。最大的一类市场，也就是所谓的“交易额过亿元的商品交易市场”，近年来也专业化了，而且越来越大。通过对西安和郑州两个大都市蔬菜批发市场的调研发现，蔬菜批发市场存在着激烈的竞争、两极分化和专业化。广义的机动化，即公共汽车服务的普及以及摩托车和汽车的普及，可能已经淘汰了低端市场。然而，提交人通过他的实地考察未能查明这种情况。这是近期要明确的主题。较少

Development of markets in China has continued from 1979 at least until the middle of 1990's. The total number of markets exceeded that before the socialist revolution, and the sale at the markets accounted for more than half of retail trade sale. Some noteworthy changes however have appeared since middle of 1990's. These are, the decrease in number of rural markets, that in total number of markets since 1998, the stagnation of sale at the markets, and the fall of weight of market trade among retail trade sale. The phase seemed to start in which the markets have to lose their high status. The author investigated what kind of factors brought on such loss of the status, and what kind of results will be brought on the structure of urban and rural areas.The fallowing points are identified by the analysis of official statistics and the fieldworks at four research areas in three years. First, the decrease in number of markets was brought on by the abolition of street markets because of transp … More ortation problems and the change to permanent shops from market stalls through "from street to building" policy. Secondly, the stagnation of market sale and the fall of their weight among retail trade sale were caused by the decrease in number of markets, the increase impermanent shops, the recent emergence of large- and small-size supermarkets in urban and rural areas, and the change in consumer behaviors connecting with these phenomena. The collection of markets as a whole seems to be under the process of polarization and specialization. The biggest class of the markets ; so called "the commodity exchange market of transaction value over 100 million yuan" has also been specialized and become bigger in recent years. Severe competition, polarization and specialization were identified from the research works of vegetable wholesale markets in two metropolises ; Xian and Zhengzhou. The motorization in broad sense, that is, spread of bus service and diffusion of motorbikes and cars, may have weeded out the lower order markets. The author however could not identify such a case through his fieldwork. This is the theme to be made clear in near future. Less