Inducers of the Aubert and the Muller effect in perception of orientation.

我们调查了决定视觉垂直度的原因，即视觉线看起来与地面正常。主要发现：1)视觉垂直度与头部倾斜呈负相关（Mueller效应）；2)与明显的头部倾斜相比，Mueller效应较小；3)短时间或短长度的刺激线在头部向右倾斜时可能向左倾斜；4)主动或被动刺激线的调整方法对视觉垂直度没有影响。这些结果与感觉-张力场理论一致。

We investigated causes that determines the visual vertical, i.e., visual line that appears normal to the ground. Main findings were : 1) the visual vertical was reciprocally related to tilt of the head (the Mueller effect), 2) the Mueller effect was small as compared to apparent head tilt, 3) stimulus line of short duration or of short length was likely to tilt to left when the head was tilted to right, and 4) the method of adjusting the stimulus line, active or passive, did not affect the visual vertical. These results agree with the sensory-tonic field theory.