Vortical structures and chaos, turbulence transition in two-and three-dimensional wakes containing micro-bubbles

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Vortical structures, chaos and turbulence transition in two-and three-dimensional wakes were investigated experimentally and numerically. At first we conducted a series of experiment of micro-bubble flows through circular straight and helical pipes. Apparent drug reduction and relaminarization were observed, and reduction of thermal conduction was also seen. A new spectral code was written, by using which stationary and oscillating solutions were obtained with high accuracy.