Saccharification of biomass with enzymes fused to carbohydrate-binding modules

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Cellulose-binding modules, family 3,17,28, and 44, were characterized with the macro-array method, isothermal titration calorimetry;and Langmuir isotherman alysis. To determine binding-sites on plant cell wall, these cellulose-binding modules were fused to a fluorescent protein. Fluorescent fused cellulose binding modules bound to different parts of plant cell wall and discriminated cell types of plant tissues. These results indicated that cellulose-binding modules can recognize a diffbrent structure on plant cell walls, whereas these modules have similar binding specificities. A catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 was fused to cellulose binding modules. These artificial enzymes showed their activities were influenced by fused modules.