Ischemic organ injury and sympathetic nervous system : Roles of endothelin and angiotensin, and sex difference

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In cases of cardiac ischemia, which leads to the development of angina pectoris and cardiac infarction, noradrenaline (NA) release from sympathetic nerve endings is known to be enhanced and involved in the pathogenesis of the ischemic cardiac injury. In the present study, we elucidated the possible mechanisms of the above enhancement of NA overflow. We also clarified that there was a sex difference in the NA overflow from the post-ischemic heart, i. e., the amount of NA released from the heart of females was less than that of males, and the post-ischemic cardiac injury was attenuated in cases of females. Furthermore, it was found that estrogens are responsible for this sex difference.