HIV-1 Nef dysregulates innate immunity of macrophages and plays a role in AIDS pathogenesis

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In order to clarify a role of HIV-1 Nef on the AIDS pathogenesis, we analyzed the innate immune function of macrophages through the stimulation of TLR5 and IL-10 receptor beta, expressions of which were suppressed by Nef. A cytokine production profile of macrophages via these signaling was disturbed by Nef expression. Unfortunately, immunodeficient mice reconstituted with human cord blood stem cells were poor in the macrophage development and, therefore, not a good model to study Nef function in vivo.