Fundamental investigations on contactless, mobile measuring systems for lightning and switching impulse voltages according to standards.

在许多国家，由于输电距离较长，只有通过超高压(UHV)线路扩大能源传输能力，才能满足全球日益增长的电力需求。用于此的部件和设备会受到操作负载(额定负载、负载变化、开关操作)以及外部影响(雷击、短路)的影响。因此，在高压试验中需要脉冲电压来模拟由外部和内部过电压引起的应力，以及用于击穿过程的基本研究。世界范围内输电电压越来越高的趋势使得相应高额定电压的冲击分压器的开发变得越来越困难和成本密集型，因此替代方案是必要的。通过使用非接触式、无反馈传感器来测量脉冲电压的电场，可以借助现代的创新测量系统来实现这一点。特别改装的、可追踪的现场探头将是一种优雅、可运输的解决方案，同时也是一种高效和成本更低的解决方案。因此，本研究项目的目的是利用各种现场传感器技术进行调查，以找到能够开发创新的移动系统来非接触式测量冲击电压的测量系统，从而使移动测量系统在尺寸、成本和灵活性方面与传统的带有分压装置的测量系统有很大的不同，并且在超高电压范围内也应该表现出高的线性。这一目标只能通过研究机构之间的合作才能实现，因此，在LUH和PTB两个研究所IFE作为合作伙伴的情况下实施该项目的好处是，能够以更多的传感器和硬件选择来开展调查。特别是由于使用现场方法的测量取决于直接环境和设置，因此绝对有必要依赖至少两个研究所的实验室，以最大限度地减少对环境的影响。此外，研究所的两个高压实验室具有不同的架构，因此实验室之间存在差异，例如在几何形状和屏蔽程度方面，因此也可以调查这些影响。最终，只有在这种比较研究的基础上才能开发出普遍适用的系统，这将极大地扩展脉冲电压测量的技术水平，并可在全球范围内有利地使用。

In many countries, the increasing global demand for electrical energy can only be met by expanding energy transport capacities with ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) lines because of the long transmission distances involved. The components and equipment used for this are subject to operational loads (nominal load, load variations, switching operations) as well as external influences (lightning strikes, short circuits). Impulse voltages are therefore required in high-voltage tests to simulate the stresses caused by external and internal overvoltages, as well as for basic investigations of breakdown processes. The trend towards ever higher transmission voltages worldwide is making the development of impulse voltage dividers with correspondingly high rated voltages increasingly difficult and cost-intensive, so that alternatives are necessary. These could possibly be realized with the aid of modern, innovative measurement systems by using non-contact, feedback-free sensors to measure the electric field of the impulse voltages. A specially adapted, traceable field probe for these applications would be an elegant, transportable and at the same time efficient and cost-reduced solution. The aim of this research project is therefore to carry out investigations with various field sensor techniques in order to find measurement systems that can enable the development of an innovative, mobile system for the non-contact measurement of impulse voltages, whereby the mobile measurement system should differ significantly from conventional measurement systems with voltage dividers in terms of dimensions, costs and flexibility, and should also exhibit high linearity up into the ultra-high voltage range. This goal can only be achieved in cooperation between research institutions, so that the implementation of the project with the two institutes IfES of LUH and PTB as partners offers the advantage of being able to carry out the investigations with a larger selection of sensors and hardware. Especially since the measurements using field-based methods depend on the direct environment and the setup, it is absolutely necessary to be able to rely on the laboratories of at least two institutes in order to minimise any environmental influences. In addition, the two high-voltage laboratories of the institutes have a different architecture, so that differences between the laboratories exist, for example, in the geometry and the degree of shielding, so that these influences can also be investigated. Ultimately, a universally applicable system can only be developed on the basis of such comparative investigations, which would considerably expand the state of the art of pulse voltage measurement and could be used advantageously worldwide.