Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament : 3-D dynamic mapping of bundle force application

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To determine the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) force in the femoral insertion site, a novel calibration method was developed so that the position accuracy could be enhanced near the insertion site. The accuracy was improved from 10mm in previous method to only 1mm in the present study. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of ACL force in the femoral insertion site using a 6 degree of freedom robotic system in conjunction with CT scan data. Results revealed that the ACL force passed through the anteromedial portion of the ACL insertion site in response to tibial anterior drawer load at deep flexion angles. This agreed well with a data of ACL force sharing pattern obtained in our previous study.