Microenvironment of stem cells in bone formation

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To elucidate the micro environment of stem cell in alveolar bone formation, we examined osteogenic potential of side population (SP) cell which contain abundantly the stem cells, in PDL cells. Isolated SP cells from rat PDL cells had high potential in differentiation into osteoblasts and formation of calcified matrices, compared with non-SP (NSP) cells. The gene expressions of osteoblast markers and BMP-2 in SP cells were higher level than that in NSP cells. On the other hand, the gene expressions of mineralization inhibitors such as periodontal ligament-associated protein-1 were high level in NSP cells. This study indicates that SP cells in PDL have high abilities to form bone-like matrices and are effective in regeneration of alveolar bone.