Measurement of Anisotropic Elastic Modulus of Bone Tissue Using X-ray Diffraction from HAp Crystals

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On the microscopic scale, bone tissue is a composite of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen. Anisotropic elasticity of bone tissue is strongly influenced by the microscopic structure of the HAp in bone tissue, and as HAp in bone has a crystalline structure, X-ray diffraction is used to measure the crystal lattice strain. It was found that the bone tissue stress was related by the lattice strains and volume fraction of HAp. And elastic modulus of the tissue depended on the strain of HAp crystals. This study applied the X-ray diffraction to the skin tissue covered materials. The strain of the implanted material could be measured by this X-ray diffraction method when the material was located under the skin tissue.