Analyzing reasons can make preferences be both unjusty confused and justified.

有些偏好主要基于内隐和非语言过程。目前的研究考察了用语言表达或分析一个人的偏好的潜在陷阱。实验1和实验2表明，欣赏艺术在语言上令观众感到困惑。实验3表明，那些事先分析了自己喜欢或不喜欢消费品的原因的人，更有可能通过看似合理的决定因素来证明他们的决定是合理的，但实际上这些因素对他们的偏好没有任何影响。

Some preferences are primarily based on implicit and non-verbal processes. Present studies examined the potential pitfalls of verbalizing or analyzing one's preferences. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 demonstrated that appreciating art verbally aesthetically confused viewers. Experiment 3 demonstrated that those who have analyzed their reasons for liking or disliking consumer goods in advance would be more likely to justify their decisions by irrelevant factors that seem to be plausible determinants as causes but, in fact, do not have any influence on their preferences.