Historical Sociological studies on Japanese vocational education and career education in a high‐growth period.

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This study examined Career Education and Vocational Education practices in the rapid economic growth era and has got the following results. First, Career Education and Vocational Education practice had been criticized not only by the post-war educational movement and the industry lobbies, but also by high school managers, because they found it difficult to respond to the massification of high school. Second, while career education and vocational education confronted difficulties and adversities, Zenshinken had developed their career guidance theory, which resist the type of career guidance which tried to make children adjust themselves to employers, and which gave children knowledge and techniques and powers to resist employers in the work world. Third, relying on the theory of basil Bernstein, the concept of vocational education got examined.