Construction of theoretical models of dark energy and their observational constraints

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Observations such as supernova type Ia suggest that about 70% of the energy density of the Universe today consists of dark energy responsible for cosmic acceleration. The development of both theoretical and observational sides is required to approach the origin of dark energy. From the theoretical side I discriminated between many models of dark energy by studying the background cosmological dynamics, the evolution of density perturbations, and local gravity constraints. Moreover we placed constraints on theoretical models of dark energy from a number of independent observational data.