Effect of combined exposures to multiple chemicals and ultraviolet rays on recent increase of skin cancer-from a view point of histone modifications

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Histone proteins have become a focus of research in many fields because their modifications have an important role in gene expression and cancer. In this study, we examined the influence of several chemicals on histone modifications. Side-stream smoke, formaldehyde, etc. changed the modifications of some histones(phosphorylation of histone H3(S10), acetylation of histone H3(K9, K14) and phosphorylation of histone H2AX(S139)). Phosphorylation of histone H3(S10) related with induction of proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun. In the conditions of remarkable histone modifications, UVB-induced cell death was enhanced. These results suggested that histone modifications by several chemicals might change the sensitivity to DNA damaging agents, indicating the contribution of histone modifications to increase of skin cancer.