The mechanism of the radiation of the planetary waves by western boundary currents and the driving of the mean flow over a bottom slope.

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The dynamics of the interaction between the planetary waves, which are radiated from an ocean jet such as the Kuroshio Extension, the large-scale mean flow, and bottom topography is examined. It is shown that the planetary waves broadens the jet and matches it with weak flows in the ocean interior. The planetary waves also induce the equatorward potential-vorticity flux in the abyss, driving deep recirculations. After impinging over a bottom slope of seamounts, trenches, etc, the planetary waves induce the mean flow that is trapped near both the bottom and surface.