Gain Calibration of Antenna Operated in High-Loss Liquid

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To measure the far-field gain of the reference antenna in the high-loss liquid, which is required to calibrate the electric-field probe used in evaluating the specific absorption rate, which is well known as a measure of the thermal absorption of the radio wave in the biological body, for the mobile communication devices, the following items are examined : 1) the enhancement of the dynamic range by using a microwave amplifier, 2) sandwiched dipole antenna, 3) the effect of the temperature dependence of the liquid on the evaluated far-field gain, 4) modification of the procedure to estimate the far-field gain, 5) some conditions in curve-fitting process, 6) waveguide aperture antenna.