Control of composition and morphology of hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres and their application to dental implant materials releasing an antimicrobial agent

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Hollow microspheres of calcium phosphate compounds(such as hydroxyapatite, calcium hydrogen phosphate, etc.) were prepared by using multiple emulsions. The composition, morphology, and crystallinity were controlled by the addition of one of a magnesium salt, a carbonate, and low molecular weight organic compounds. For obtaining fundamental knowledge to apply the microspheres to dental implants which release an antimicrobial agent, the conditions for making them adhere onto titanium were investigated. A model implant was fabricated through the following procedures : the formation of microsphere layers on the surface of a titanium screw, the impregnation of a dye solution as the model material of an antimicrobial agent into the microsphere layer, and the coating with biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid). With the aim of applying the microspheres to a root canal treatment, composite microcapsules of the microspheres with biodegradable polymer were prepared.