The rational design of nitrogen doped TiO2 visible-light response photocatalysts by a combination of synchrotron spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques

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Energetic nitrogen ion was implanted into a TiO2 catalyst in order to promote the photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. N K-edge XANES and ELNES revealed two types of chemical state of nitrogen, depending on the concentration, where an O atom in TiO2 was replaced by N for the active photocatalyst, and that of substitutional NO2 for the inactive photocatalyst. We also estimated that the local nitrogen concentration effective for visible-light response was less than ca. 2 at%. It was also found that the photocatalytic active state was offset by the coexisting photocatalytic inactive state.