Mechanical isolation and diversification of genitalia and body size in the family Xystodesmidae(Diplopoda)

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In the Parafontaria tonominea species complex, sexual selection could operate on body size and genital size of both sexes, and the divergence of these traits might drive multiple speciation through mechanical isolation. This result was published as a scientific paper. In Parafontaria, sexual conflict could drive morphological divergence of genitalia of both sexes. In Riukiaria of Kyushu, larger local species(4～5. 5 cm in body length) may have independently emerged form a small common species(about 3. 5cm in body length) in at least four times.