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Biological and genetic diversity of colonizing and endemic species of Drosophila in the Ogasawara Islands

小笠原群岛定植和特有果蝇物种的生物和遗传多样性

基本信息

批准号：
21570096
负责人：
WATADA Masayoshi
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2009 至 2011
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21570096/
关键词：
遺伝的多様性遺伝学昆虫

项目摘要

Faunal and seasonal surveys on drosophilid flies by banana-trapping and net sweeping were carried out in the Ogasawara Islands on July 2009, December 2009 and May 2010. A total 116, 857 individuals of 22 species including 9 endemic species were collected at the seven and five collection sites of Chichijima and Hahajima, respectively. In the both islands, Drosophila hypocausta, recently colonizing species, was the most abundant on July of 2009. On the other hand, D. simulans in Chichijima and D. pectinifera in Hahajima were the most dominant species in the collection of December 2009 and May 2010. The present survey showed recent increase of D. hypocausta and D. suzukii in the Ogasawara Islands, but the endemic species such as D. pectinifera were collected more than those of the previous surveys, indicating increasing of biodiversity of drosophilid fauna. Genetic diversity and differentiation of mitochondrial DNA genes, COI and COII, were studied using three endemic species(D. pectinifera, Dichaetophora ogasawarensis, Scaptomyza hexasticha) and three colonizing species(D. hypocausta, D. suzukii, D. kikkawai). Genetic diversities of the three endemic species and D. hypocausta were larger than those of the other colonizing species. Haplotype analyses of mitochondrial DNA suggested that immigration of the colonizing species occurred from Chichijima to Hahajima. In addition, genetic properties of the endemic species are different between Chichijima and Hahajima, suggesting the importance of the protection of populations in each island.

2009年7月、2009年12月和2010年5月在小笠原群岛采用香蕉诱捕法和网扫法对蝇类进行了区系和季节调查。在Chichijima和Hahajima的7个和5个采集点共采集到22种116857只，其中特有种9种。2009年7月，这两个岛屿上的新定居物种Drosophila hypocausta数量最多。另一方面，2009年12月和2010年5月，Chichijima的拟楠和Hahajima的pectinifera是最优势种。本次调查结果显示，小笠原群岛的低洼田鼠和铃木田鼠数量近期有所增加，但特有种如果胶田鼠的数量较以往有所增加，表明该地区果蝇动物的多样性有所增加。以三种特有种(D。pectinifera, Dichaetophora ogasawarensis, Scaptomyza hexasticha)和三个定植种(D。hypocausta， D. suzuki， D. kikkawai)。3个特有种和黑穗草的遗传多样性大于其他定殖种。线粒体DNA单倍型分析表明，定居物种的迁移发生在Chichijima到Hahajima。此外，在Chichijima和Hahajima之间，特有物种的遗传特性存在差异，表明在每个岛屿保护种群的重要性。