Study of rhodopsin-ion pumps by electrical measurement focusing on proteorhodopsin

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In the present study, we examined the photoelectric current generated by bacteriorhodopsin adsorbed on a thin polymer film. An analysis of the experimental results obtained at various light intensities suggested that the electromotive force generated by bacteriorhodopsin was independent of the light intensity. The pH dependency of the photoelectric current suggested that the bacteriorhodopsin could generate the maximum electromotive force at around pH 6.We constructed a mutant of proteorhodopsin which mimics bacteriorhodopsin and found a change in the order of proton uptake and release. We also constructed a general model for ion pumps.