Demonstration of realized genetic gains by the recurrent selection in seedling seed orchards and its application for the breeding program of broad-leaved tree species

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Realized genetic gains of initial height growth caused by recurrent selections of the seedling seed orchard for Kunugi(Quercus acutissima) plus trees were compared with predicted ones. The realized genetic gains were comparable to the predicted ones. The mean height of the F2 family population outperformed that of the F1 family population, and the gains were statistically significant. The results of this study confirmed the efficiency of the seedling seed orchard procedure for Kunugi plus trees.