Interactions between crucian carp larva/fry growth and small organism community in paddy fields

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Crucian carp larvae showed rapid growth in paddy fields. The standard body length increased linearly except for the post-larva stages after they consumed cladocerans. This pattern suggests that the assimilation rate was usually much higher than the catabolic rate, and the food availa-bility was usually sufficient. Cladoserans were almost extinguished and ostracods were much decreased in experimental plots with fish. A top-down trophic cascade was observed, that is, microorganisms whose sizes correspond to the filtering mesh size of cladocerans became more abundant in the plots with fish than those without fish.