Analyses of Translocation Intermediates Formed during Protein Import into Chloroplasts in Higher Plants

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Nuclear-encoded chloroplastic proteins are imported into chloroplasts by utilizing the unique translocon embedded in the double-envelope membranes from the cytosol after translated as precursors. Under limited energy conditions, precursors are trapped at the translocon to form the early-translocation intermediates. During the research period, I have established the experimental systems to analyze the protein-protein interactions between precursors and the translocon component(s) and intra-interactions within the translocon.