Mechanisms of abnormal iron metabolism in metabolic syndrome and its implications for new therapeutic strategies

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High body iron levels are found in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM). Iron excess leads to tissue injury through free radical formation. We investigated the effect of iron restriction on diabetic nephropathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty(OLETF) rats, a model of type 2 DM. In OLETF given high salt-high fat diet, iron restriction reduced systolic blood pressure, urinary excretion of protein and renal glomerular injury. Iron restriction suppressed oxidative stress and renin-angiotensin system in the kidney and attenuated renal hypoxia in the HFS+IR group compared to the HFS group. Iron restriction may be beneficial in prevention of nephropathy in type 2 DM.