Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pediatric multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

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Acute disseminate encephalomyelitis(ADEM) and pediatricmultiple sclerosis(MS) are very rare diseases. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology remain to be fully clarified. To find their diagnostic markers, we delineated the clinical features of the epidemiological backgrounds ; signs and symptoms ; laboratory, neurophysiological, and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) findings ; treatments ; and prognoses of these diseases, based on the definition proposed by the International Pediatric MS Study Group(2007). In addition, we performed genetic association studies in ADEM patients and controls. The results revealed several characteristics of each disease.