Analysis of the effect of visible light on photoaged skin focusing on DNA repair

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Visible light(VL) such as intense pulsed light(IPL) and light emitting diodes(LED) have been recently introduced to the painless, nonabrasive phototherapy to reverse photoaging skin such as wrinkles and lentigines. However the precise basic mechanisms on which VL irradiation can modulate these aged skin changes has not yet been proven. Here, we examined the effect of LED on cell proliferation, production of hyaluronic acid, DNA repair ability and melanogenesis by use of the human primary cultured fibroblasts and the 3-D skin-like tissue structure. A rate of cell proliferation and production of hyaluronic acid from the cells were significantly increased after red and blue LED irradiation. In addition, red, yellow and blue LED could stimulate the ability to repair oxidative DNA damage including 8-oxo-G of the cells assessed by host cell reactivation of the reporter plasmid. Melanogenesis was inhibited on the human 3-D skin-like tissue exposed to red or blue LED without no histologically damage of the skin. These findings suggest that LED light can be useful for skin rejuvenation through mechanisms of activating dermal skin fibroblast, increasing DNA repair ability to oxidative DNA damage and suppressing melanogenesis.