Elucidation of molecular regulation governing the bilateral process-fusion in embryonic mouse craniofacial region

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We aimed to characterize distinct spatio-temporal expression patterns at the fusing epithelium and in the underlying mesenchyme of the mandibular arches and of the secondary palatal shelves in embryonic mice. To this end, we dissected out of the medial/lateral regions of mandibular arches at embryonic days 9.7-11.5(E9.7-11.5) and of the secondary palatal shelves at E14.0-14.5. The gene expression profiles of each of the tissues were determined using microarray and real-time quantitative PCR, together with immunohistochemical validation. Comparison of the spatio-temporal gene expression profiles between mandibular arches and secondary palatal shelves delineated that Igf family molecules may regulate mandibular fusion in the mandibular medial region, while both Cask and TgfB3 play essential roles in the contact and fusion between the bilateral shelves.