Isotope effect of hydrogen behavior transferring on the water-metal boundary

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On the water-metal boundary, hydrogen isotopes transfers from the metal to the water as water molecule by isotope exchange through interaction with oxygen atom on the metal surface, though transfers as hydrogen isotope gases by recombination if there is no effective surface oxygen for the hydrogen interaction. On the other hand, hydrogen isotope atom transfers from the water to the metal through the surface oxidation and moves independent with other hydrogen isotope behavior. This report summarizes the above behavior with surface analysis results.