Regulation of axonal transport by local interaction with myelin

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In order to elucidate the role of myelin on axonal transport, immunohistological and biochemical analyses were performed in the central and peripheral nervous systems of myelin mutant mice. In these mice, paranodal axo-glial junctions(AGJ) were disrupted but compact myelin was preserved. The present results demonstrated that disruption of AGJ caused local axonal swellings containing various axonal components and changes of axonal transport-related molecules. Involvement of local calcium change was suggested. Focal axonal swellings were first observed at early stage of myelination and progressive with age. Axonal degeneration became more prominent in aged mice. Thus, the axo-glial interaction at the paranode is important for local axonal homeostasis.