Comparative study of processes of Territorial Stigmatization in European lower-class districts

在过去的三十年里，法国、英国、西班牙、荷兰、丹麦、卢森堡等几个欧洲社会都受到了骚乱的影响。暴乱往往是若干因素综合作用的结果，如贫穷、失业、不适当和不卫生的城市发展、歧视现象加剧以及警察与居民之间关系恶化。然而，其他的解释是可能的，甚至是必要的，如Loic Wacquant分析的“领土污名化”对当地社会结构的影响，提出了一个关于引发骚乱的新的和原始的范式。本研究通过对巴黎郊区、马德里和阿姆斯特丹等城市的实地观察，对Wacquant的概念进行了评估，分析了这些地区的公共耻辱如何贬低居民的自我意识，侵蚀他们的社会联系。

Over three decades, several European societies-France, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium-have been affected by rioting. Rioting is very often the outcome of several factors in combination, such as poverty, unemployment, unsuitable and unsanitary urban development, growing discrimination, and worsening of relations between the police and residents. However, other explanations are possible and even necessary, as the effects of≪Territorial Stigmatization≫on local social structures analyzed by Loic Wacquant, that propose a new and original paradigm about sparking off riots. Based on field observation in dilapidated sections of Paris suburb, Madrid and Amsterdam, this study assesses Wacquant's conception to analyze how the public disgrace afflicting these areas devalues the sense of self of their residents and corrodes their social ties.