Nano-scale analysis and computational fluid mechanics of the flow on the surface of tracheal lumen

气管管腔表面的粘液纤毛清除是肺防御病毒和细菌的重要组成部分。我们用量子点标记纤毛尖端，用冷冻电子断层扫描分析轴丝结构，以高空间精度分析纤毛运动的细节。我们通过有效的纤毛运动揭示了在气管管腔上从肺到口咽的整体定向流动，轴丝结构不对称。此外，我们发现微生物的集体游泳是最节能的移动方式。此外，我们还开发了新的程序代码和GPGPU计算系统来分析气管管腔表面的流体流动机理。

Mucociliary clearance on the surface of the tracheal lumen is an important component of lung defense against viruses and bacteria. We analyzed the detail of ciliary movement with high spatial precision by labeling the ciliary tip using quantum dots, and axonemal structure by cryo-electron tomography. We revealed the overall directional flow from the lungs to the oropharynx on tracheal lumen by effective ciliary motion with the asymmetric axonemal structure. Moreover, we discovered that collective swimming of microorganisms is the most energy-efficient way of moving. And also, we developed new program code and GPGPU computational system to analyze the fluid flow mechanism on the surface of tracheal lumen.