Modulation of mitochondrial behavior in unmyelinated axon of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

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A decrease in Mitotracker labeled mitochondria around lamina area at the optic nerve was observed in glaucomatous eye. Significant decrease in thioredoxin2 (Trx2) level was observed in the glaucomatous mitochondria. The change of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was slightly decreased, whereas significant increase in axoplasmic AIF was observed in the glaucomatous optic nerve. Furthermore, substantial increase in nucleus AIF was observed in RGCs after IOP elevation. Thus, a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequent AIF translocation were involved in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Furthermore, modulation of mitochondria through the inhibition of AIF translocation may become new strategy for neurodegenerative disease, such as glaucoma.